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Why We Fight: The Roots of War and the Paths to Peace Hardcover – 21 april 2022

Engelstalige uitgave Christopher Blattman (Auteur)

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An acclaimed expert on violence and seasoned peacebuilder explains the five reasons why conflict (rarely) blooms into war, and how to interrupt that deadly process.

'Nothing could be more relevant today than war and peace. Why We Fight by Christopher Blattman is an outstanding and original book on this topic' Martin Wolf, Financial Times

It's easy to overlook the underlying strategic forces of war, to see it solely as a series of errors, accidents, and emotions gone awry. It's also easy to forget that war shouldn't happen-and most of the time it doesn't. Around the world there are millions of hostile rivalries, yet only a tiny fraction erupt into violence. Too many accounts of conflict forget this.

With a counterintuitive approach, Blattman reminds us that most rivals loathe one another in peace. That's because war is too costly to fight. Enemies almost always find it better to split the pie than spoil it or struggle over thin slices. So, in those rare instances when fighting ensues, we should ask: what kept rivals from compromise?

Why We Fight draws on decades of economics, political science, psychology, and real-world interventions to lay out the root causes and remedies for war, showing that violence is not the norm; that there are only five reasons why conflict wins over compromise; and how peacemakers turn the tides through tinkering, not transformation.

From warring states to street gangs, ethnic groups and religious sects to political factions, there are common dynamics to heed and lessons to learn. Along the way, we meet vainglorious European monarchs, African dictators, Indian mobs, Nazi pilots, British football hooligans, ancient Greeks, and fanatical Americans.

What of remedies that shift incentives away from violence and get parties back to deal-making? Societies are surprisingly good at interrupting and ending violence when they want to-even the gangs of Medellín, Columbia do it. Realistic and optimistic, this is book that lends new meaning to the old adage, "Give peace a chance."

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Printlengte

400 pagina's
Taal

Engels
Uitgever

Viking
Publicatiedatum

21 april 2022
Afmetingen

14.4 x 3.5 x 22.2 cm
ISBN-10

0241444500
ISBN-13

978-0241444504
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Revue de presse

Blattman has produced a valuable guide, supported by engaging anecdotes, to what makes people turn to violence - and why, mercifully, they are usually too sensible to do so ― Economist

Wise, intriguing, imaginative -- Rory Stewart, author of The Places In Between

A great storyteller with important insights for us all -- Richard Thaler, co-author of Nudge

Captivating and intelligent -- Tim Harford, author of The Undercover Economist

Avoiding the useless dichotomies that either claim violence is an inseparable part of human nature or declare that humanity has all but conquered its proclivity to war, Blattman explains how human communities make use of many different strategies to resolve conflicts, and why these efforts sometimes stumble -- Daron Acemoglu, co-author of Why Nations Fail

If you've been a foreign correspondent for any length of time you end up wondering what has pushed so many of the societies you cover into conflict and what can be done to prevent a repeat. Why We Fight answers many of those questions . . . Contrary to expectations, it's an optimistic book . . . outbreaks of violence are the aberration, not the norm, and small, incremental measures can have a disproportionate impact when it comes to avoiding strife. Tinkering trumps transformation -- Michela Wrong ― Spectator Books of the Year

Important, readable, radical -- David Miliband, President and CEO, International Rescue Committee

Essential for understanding the world we live in today -- James A. Robinson, co-author of Why Nations Fail

Brings together the passion of the activist and the cool head of the economist to offer practical solutions to one of humanity's most intractable problems -- Ian Morris, author of Why the West Rules – for Now

Timely, powerful, hopeful -- Paul Collier, author of The Bottom Billion

Quatrième de couverture

The truth is, warfare shouldn't happen - and most of the time it doesn't. Around the world there are millions of hostile rivalries at any given moment and yet only a tiny fraction erupt into prolonged fighting. Most books on conflict forget this. So in those rare instances of war, what broke down and kept the sides from compromise? From unchecked interests and intangible incentives, through uncertainty commitment problems and misperceptions, this peerlessly authoritative and thought-provoking book shows that there are only so many logical possibilities for why we fight and how by knowing them we can act to prevent war altogether.

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Productgegevens

Uitgever ‏ : ‎ Viking; 1e editie (21 april 2022)
Taal ‏ : ‎ Engels
Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 400 pagina's
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0241444500
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0241444504
Afmetingen ‏ : ‎ 14.4 x 3.5 x 22.2 cm

Klantenrecensies:
48 beoordelingen

Klantenrecensies

4,3 van 5

48 wereldwijde beoordelingen

5 sterren		68%
4 sterren		13%
3 sterren		9%
2 sterren		3%
1 ster		7%

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Vertaal alle beoordelingen naar het Nederlands

Johannes Schmidt

Relevant und interessant

Beoordeeld in Duitsland 🇩🇪 op 23 december 2022

Geverifieerde aankoop

Gutgeschriebenes Buch mit interessanten Ansätzen zur Erklärung von Kriegen bzw nicht Kriegen. Manchmal erscheinen mir die lösungsansätze ein wenig zu einfach, aber zumindestens regt es zum Nachdenken an

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Vertaal recensie in het Nederlands

JB - Ottawa

Insightful, compelling reading with a personal touch.

Beoordeeld in Canada 🇨🇦 op 3 mei 2022

Geverifieerde aankoop

A fresh approach to the topic without sounding like a textbook. An easy and informative read.

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Vertaal recensie in het Nederlands

Amazon Customer

fun, and counterintuitive

Beoordeeld in Canada 🇨🇦 op 3 mei 2022

Geverifieerde aankoop

great lessons from the field and various empirical work.

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Vertaal recensie in het Nederlands

Ryan Boissonneault

Insightful analysis grounded in both theory and field experience

Beoordeeld in de Verenigde Staten 🇺🇸 op 3 mei 2022

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Preventing war and violence, if it’s not the top concern, has to rank among the most important problems facing humanity. As those in the throes of war will tell you, there is no greater freedom than the freedom from violence. Learning how to prevent it, then, or how to elect the leaders who can, should remain a top priority for everyone.

The stakes are high. We can’t afford to get the causes of war wrong because, if we do, the proposed solutions won’t work. And yet that is exactly what happens, time and time again. War, like any complex social phenomenon, resists a simple narrative, and yet if there is anything humans are consistently good at, it’s providing simple narratives. We blame wars on villains, oversimplified scenarios, or just invented conspiracies. But it’s never that simple.

Chris Blattman—an economist and political scientist who studies global conflict, crime, and poverty—resists this tendency towards oversimplification at every turn. Having studied prolonged violent conflicts between groups—whether it be gang violence, civil wars, or wars between nations—he knows how difficult war can be to explain, and to prevent.

Fortunately, for most people, most of the time, peace is the normal state of affairs. As Blattman explains, the costs of violent conflict almost always compel groups to compromise. Successful societies accomplish this all the time. You probably live in one, and you probably don’t spend too much time worrying about war breaking out.

But when war does break out, it is rarely for any single reason—it’s usually the result of complex factors all interacting to collectively decrease the perceived costs of war and increase the incentives to fight. In fact, Blattman identifies five such factors. To the degree that the five factors or causes of war are present, the risk of war increases. The flip side is that, to the degree we can manage the five causes of war, we can likewise mitigate the risks of conflict breaking out (this is obviously much easier said than done).

Normally, war is too costly for either side to pursue, and the incentive is to compromise peacefully, with the weaker side willingly taking less (but achieving more than they would win by fighting). The calculus changes, however, in certain scenarios.

According to Blattman, there are five reasons one side might initiate war, despite the costs: 1) unchecked leaders can benefit from war while being shielded from its costs, 2) ideologies can compel people to fight despite the costs (e.g., religious conflict), 3) uncertainty regarding the relative strength of an opponent can compel one side to test the waters or call a bluff, 4) commitment problems can compel an adversary to attack an enemy before the enemy grows stronger in the future, and 5) misperceptions can distort an adversary’s perceptions of the intentions of an enemy.

War results from a combination of these factors, and Blattman discusses several examples of how various conflicts throughout history can be explained in these terms. The end result is that the reader will be equipped with a much more sophisticated toolkit when assessing the causes of conflict, past and present.

The final part of the book considers the paths to peace, which, unsurprisingly, work to mitigate the five causes of war. Checks and balances on power, rules and enforcement, and democratic institutions and voting top the list, as these procedures collectively reduce the risk of a nation falling victim to an unchecked ruler. As the philosopher Karl Popper said, democracy is the ideal system not because it necessarily selects the best, strongest leaders, but that it provides a mechanism for removing the worst leaders, leaders who would sacrifice the well-being of the population at large for their own personal gain.

The other key to peace is interdependence. Societies that are dependent on each other economically and socially rarely go to war, as the costs would be too high. You don’t attack your enemy when your enemy provides economic benefits for you, just as you don’t demonize and attack the people you work or live with. It’s true that pluralism can create conflict as the result of different worldviews placed in competition with one another, but this rarely turns into violent civil war in integrated democracies.

On a final note, since we want our politicians to create stability and peace, this book not only outlines the causes of war and peace, but also outlines the manner in which we should elect politicians. Following the political philosophy of Karl Popper, Blattman recommends treating politics more like science by trying to improve society in incremental steps that can be tested, rather than by instituting grand sweeping plans that fulfill some utopian vision. We should be wary of any politician that proclaims that they alone can fix complex social problems, and, frankly, if we vote for them anyway, we probably deserve them.

The bottom line: Buy this book to have a deeper understanding of the causes of war and the paths to peace and stability, and to develop a more sophisticated toolkit for the evaluation of political candidates and policy decisions.

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13 mensen vonden dit nuttig

Vertaal recensie in het Nederlands

Pax

Underwhelming and incomplete.

Beoordeeld in de Verenigde Staten 🇺🇸 op 3 mei 2022

Geverifieerde aankoop

I wanted to like this book. Sadly, I couldn’t bring myself to look past some glaring flaws. The first major issue is that the book states that war is the exception, not the rule, without backing that up with any rigor. Considering the vast scholarship already done on this topic, and how inconclusive it is, the generality of the claim made is highly suspect. This sets the foundation for the entire book. Next, game theory is used to attempt to explain war, conflict, and peace. Again, there isn’t any data used to support the use of game theory, which is itself suspect in complex situations such as war, where people are not acting as purely rational. Each successive “explanation” or “why” is vague, straight forward, and overall incomplete. There are far grander, rigorous, and complete works out there. This one is far too simplistic, taking something so complex and challenging, breaking it down to a handful of easy rules, and making it palatable for the everyday reader. It is not accurate. It’s just simple. Don’t waste your time if you actually want to understand conflict.

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9 mensen vonden dit nuttig

Vertaal recensie in het Nederlands

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