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Why We Fight: The Roots of War and the Paths to Peace Paperback – 18 april 2023
Engelstalige uitgave
Christopher Blattman
(Auteur)
“Why We Fight reflects Blattman’s expertise in economics, political science, and history… Blattman is a great storyteller, with important insights for us all.” —Richard H. Thaler, winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and coauthor of Nudge
“Engaging and profound, this deeply searching book explains the true origins of warfare, and it illustrates the ways that, despite some contrary appearances, human beings are capable of great goodness.”—Nicholas A. Christakis author of Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society
Why did Russia attack Ukraine? Will China invade Taiwan and launch WWIII? Why has the number of civil wars reached their highest level in decades? Why are so many cities in the Americas plagued with violence? And finally, what can any of us do about it?
It feels like we’re surrounded by violence. Each conflict seems unique and insoluble. With a reason for every war and a war for every reason, what hope is there for peace? Fortunately, it’s simpler than that. Why We Fight boils down decades of economics, political science, psychology, and real-world interventions, giving us some counterintuitive answers to the question of war.
The first is that most of the time we don’t fight. Around the world, there are millions of hostile rivalries, yet only a fraction erupt into violence. Most enemies loathe one another in peace. The reason is simple: war is too costly to fight. It’s the worst way to settle our differences.
In those rare instances when fighting ensues, that means we have to ask ourselves: What kept rivals from the normal, grudging compromise? The answer is always the same: It’s because a society or its leaders ignored those costs of war, or were willing to pay them.
Why We Fight shows that there are just five ways this happens. From warring states to street gangs, ethnic groups and religious sects to political factions, Christopher Blattman shows that there are five reasons why violent conflict occasionally wins over compromise.
Through Blattman’s time studying Medellín, Chicago, Liberia, Northern Ireland, and more, we learn the common logics driving vainglorious monarchs, dictators, mobs, pilots, football hooligans, ancient peoples, and fanatics. Why We Fight shows that war isn’t a series of errors, accidents, and emotions gone awry. There are underlying strategic, ideological, and institutional forces that are too often overlooked.
So how to get to peace?
Blattman shows that societies are surprisingly good at interrupting and ending violence when they want to—even gangs do it. The best peacemakers tackle the five reasons, shifting incentives away from violence and getting rivals back to dealmaking. And they do so through tinkering, not transformation.
Realistic and optimistic, this is a book that lends new meaning to the adage “Give peace a chance.”
“Engaging and profound, this deeply searching book explains the true origins of warfare, and it illustrates the ways that, despite some contrary appearances, human beings are capable of great goodness.”—Nicholas A. Christakis author of Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society
Why did Russia attack Ukraine? Will China invade Taiwan and launch WWIII? Why has the number of civil wars reached their highest level in decades? Why are so many cities in the Americas plagued with violence? And finally, what can any of us do about it?
It feels like we’re surrounded by violence. Each conflict seems unique and insoluble. With a reason for every war and a war for every reason, what hope is there for peace? Fortunately, it’s simpler than that. Why We Fight boils down decades of economics, political science, psychology, and real-world interventions, giving us some counterintuitive answers to the question of war.
The first is that most of the time we don’t fight. Around the world, there are millions of hostile rivalries, yet only a fraction erupt into violence. Most enemies loathe one another in peace. The reason is simple: war is too costly to fight. It’s the worst way to settle our differences.
In those rare instances when fighting ensues, that means we have to ask ourselves: What kept rivals from the normal, grudging compromise? The answer is always the same: It’s because a society or its leaders ignored those costs of war, or were willing to pay them.
Why We Fight shows that there are just five ways this happens. From warring states to street gangs, ethnic groups and religious sects to political factions, Christopher Blattman shows that there are five reasons why violent conflict occasionally wins over compromise.
Through Blattman’s time studying Medellín, Chicago, Liberia, Northern Ireland, and more, we learn the common logics driving vainglorious monarchs, dictators, mobs, pilots, football hooligans, ancient peoples, and fanatics. Why We Fight shows that war isn’t a series of errors, accidents, and emotions gone awry. There are underlying strategic, ideological, and institutional forces that are too often overlooked.
So how to get to peace?
Blattman shows that societies are surprisingly good at interrupting and ending violence when they want to—even gangs do it. The best peacemakers tackle the five reasons, shifting incentives away from violence and getting rivals back to dealmaking. And they do so through tinkering, not transformation.
Realistic and optimistic, this is a book that lends new meaning to the adage “Give peace a chance.”
- Printlengte400 pagina's
- TaalEngels
- UitgeverPenguin Books
- Publicatiedatum18 april 2023
- Afmetingen13.92 x 2.29 x 21.36 cm
- ISBN-101984881590
- ISBN-13978-1984881595
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Productbeschrijving
Revue de presse
"As what could end up as Europe’s bloodiest war since 1945 grinds on, this is an apposite time for a book explaining why and when human beings fight… Blattman identifies five “logical ways” why, despite all the reasons to compromise, people opt to fight. All five map quite neatly onto the war in Ukraine. [A] valuable guide, supported by engaging anecdotes, to what makes people turn to violence—and why, mercifully, they are usually too sensible to do so.”—The Economist
“Blattman deftly translates knotty ideas from game theory and social choice theory for a lay audience, weaving in colorful anecdotes from his own life and travels.”—Foreign Affairs
"Noting that the high costs of violence almost always make peaceful agreement a better solution to antagonisms than violence, University of Chicago economist Blattman analyzes forces that often counteract that logic, including the self-interest of leaders, ideological passions, miscalculation of an opponent’s strength or motives, and mistrust… This stimulating discussion of violence illuminates a fraught subject with sober reason."—Publishers Weekly
“Blattman shows us things we don’t normally see and takes us to places we might be terrified to go. A captivating and intelligent book.”—Tim Harford, author of The Data Detective and The Undercover Economist
“Engaging and profound, this deeply searching book explains the true origins of warfare, and it illustrates the ways that, despite some contrary appearances, human beings are capable of great goodness.”—Nicholas A. Christakis author of Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society
“A surprisingly and refreshingly optimistic book, one that deserves a place both on living room and diplomats’ shelves.”—Anne-Marie Slaughter, CEO, New America
“An important, radical book that leaves you hopeful that peace is not a dream and conflict is not inevitable.”—David Miliband, president and CEO, International Rescue Committee
“The most important book on this most important topic.”—Tyler Cowen, author of Average Is Over and Marginal Revolution
“Economists imagine that people in poor countries wake up every day worrying that they are poor. Maybe, but more fundamentally they are insecure and subject to violence. Foregrounding this most basic human problem is essential for understanding the world we live in today.”—James A. Robinson, coauthor of Why Nations Fail
“Blattman is the go-to social scientist on war. His insights are essential reading.”—William Easterly, author of The White Man’s Burden and The Tyranny of Experts
“Why We Fight not only reflects Blattman’s expertise in economics, political science, and history, it also introduces us to an intriguing range of characters and locations. We meet a warlord from Liberia called White Flower, and in the same chapter learn why George Washington became America’s wealthiest president. Blattman is a great storyteller, with important insights for us all.” —Richard H. Thaler, winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and coauthor of Nudge
“As we move into the third decade of the twenty-first century, humanity is still mired in wars and deadly conflicts. Avoiding the useless dichotomies that either claim violence is an inseparable part of human nature or declare that humanity has all but conquered its proclivity to war, Christopher Blattman explains how human communities make use of many different strategies to resolve conflicts, and why these efforts sometimes stumble.”—Daron Acemoglu, coauthor of Why Nations Fail
“Blattman deftly translates knotty ideas from game theory and social choice theory for a lay audience, weaving in colorful anecdotes from his own life and travels.”—Foreign Affairs
"Noting that the high costs of violence almost always make peaceful agreement a better solution to antagonisms than violence, University of Chicago economist Blattman analyzes forces that often counteract that logic, including the self-interest of leaders, ideological passions, miscalculation of an opponent’s strength or motives, and mistrust… This stimulating discussion of violence illuminates a fraught subject with sober reason."—Publishers Weekly
“Blattman shows us things we don’t normally see and takes us to places we might be terrified to go. A captivating and intelligent book.”—Tim Harford, author of The Data Detective and The Undercover Economist
“Engaging and profound, this deeply searching book explains the true origins of warfare, and it illustrates the ways that, despite some contrary appearances, human beings are capable of great goodness.”—Nicholas A. Christakis author of Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society
“A surprisingly and refreshingly optimistic book, one that deserves a place both on living room and diplomats’ shelves.”—Anne-Marie Slaughter, CEO, New America
“An important, radical book that leaves you hopeful that peace is not a dream and conflict is not inevitable.”—David Miliband, president and CEO, International Rescue Committee
“The most important book on this most important topic.”—Tyler Cowen, author of Average Is Over and Marginal Revolution
“Economists imagine that people in poor countries wake up every day worrying that they are poor. Maybe, but more fundamentally they are insecure and subject to violence. Foregrounding this most basic human problem is essential for understanding the world we live in today.”—James A. Robinson, coauthor of Why Nations Fail
“Blattman is the go-to social scientist on war. His insights are essential reading.”—William Easterly, author of The White Man’s Burden and The Tyranny of Experts
“Why We Fight not only reflects Blattman’s expertise in economics, political science, and history, it also introduces us to an intriguing range of characters and locations. We meet a warlord from Liberia called White Flower, and in the same chapter learn why George Washington became America’s wealthiest president. Blattman is a great storyteller, with important insights for us all.” —Richard H. Thaler, winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and coauthor of Nudge
“As we move into the third decade of the twenty-first century, humanity is still mired in wars and deadly conflicts. Avoiding the useless dichotomies that either claim violence is an inseparable part of human nature or declare that humanity has all but conquered its proclivity to war, Christopher Blattman explains how human communities make use of many different strategies to resolve conflicts, and why these efforts sometimes stumble.”—Daron Acemoglu, coauthor of Why Nations Fail
à propos de l'auteur
Christopher Blattman is the Ramalee E. Pearson Professor of Global Conflict Studies at the University of Chicago, where he coleads the Development Economics Center and directs the Obama Foundation Scholars program. His work on violence, crime, and poverty has been widely covered by The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, Forbes, Slate, Vox, and NPR.
Productgegevens
- Uitgever : Penguin Books (18 april 2023)
- Taal : Engels
- Paperback : 400 pagina's
- ISBN-10 : 1984881590
- ISBN-13 : 978-1984881595
- Afmetingen : 13.92 x 2.29 x 21.36 cm
- Klantenrecensies:
Klantenrecensies
4,3 van 5 sterren
4,3 van 5
48 wereldwijde beoordelingen
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Meer informatie over hoe klantenrecencies werken op AmazonBeste recensies uit andere landen

Johannes Schmidt
4,0 van 5 sterren
Relevant und interessant
Beoordeeld in Duitsland 🇩🇪 op 23 december 2022
Gutgeschriebenes Buch mit interessanten Ansätzen zur Erklärung von Kriegen bzw nicht Kriegen. Manchmal erscheinen mir die lösungsansätze ein wenig zu einfach, aber zumindestens regt es zum Nachdenken an
Melden
Vertaal recensie in het Nederlands

JB - Ottawa
5,0 van 5 sterren
Insightful, compelling reading with a personal touch.
Beoordeeld in Canada 🇨🇦 op 3 mei 2022
A fresh approach to the topic without sounding like a textbook. An easy and informative read.

Amazon Customer
5,0 van 5 sterren
fun, and counterintuitive
Beoordeeld in Canada 🇨🇦 op 3 mei 2022
great lessons from the field and various empirical work.

Ryan Boissonneault
5,0 van 5 sterren
Insightful analysis grounded in both theory and field experience
Beoordeeld in de Verenigde Staten 🇺🇸 op 3 mei 2022
Preventing war and violence, if it’s not the top concern, has to rank among the most important problems facing humanity. As those in the throes of war will tell you, there is no greater freedom than the freedom from violence. Learning how to prevent it, then, or how to elect the leaders who can, should remain a top priority for everyone.
The stakes are high. We can’t afford to get the causes of war wrong because, if we do, the proposed solutions won’t work. And yet that is exactly what happens, time and time again. War, like any complex social phenomenon, resists a simple narrative, and yet if there is anything humans are consistently good at, it’s providing simple narratives. We blame wars on villains, oversimplified scenarios, or just invented conspiracies. But it’s never that simple.
Chris Blattman—an economist and political scientist who studies global conflict, crime, and poverty—resists this tendency towards oversimplification at every turn. Having studied prolonged violent conflicts between groups—whether it be gang violence, civil wars, or wars between nations—he knows how difficult war can be to explain, and to prevent.
Fortunately, for most people, most of the time, peace is the normal state of affairs. As Blattman explains, the costs of violent conflict almost always compel groups to compromise. Successful societies accomplish this all the time. You probably live in one, and you probably don’t spend too much time worrying about war breaking out.
But when war does break out, it is rarely for any single reason—it’s usually the result of complex factors all interacting to collectively decrease the perceived costs of war and increase the incentives to fight. In fact, Blattman identifies five such factors. To the degree that the five factors or causes of war are present, the risk of war increases. The flip side is that, to the degree we can manage the five causes of war, we can likewise mitigate the risks of conflict breaking out (this is obviously much easier said than done).
Normally, war is too costly for either side to pursue, and the incentive is to compromise peacefully, with the weaker side willingly taking less (but achieving more than they would win by fighting). The calculus changes, however, in certain scenarios.
According to Blattman, there are five reasons one side might initiate war, despite the costs: 1) unchecked leaders can benefit from war while being shielded from its costs, 2) ideologies can compel people to fight despite the costs (e.g., religious conflict), 3) uncertainty regarding the relative strength of an opponent can compel one side to test the waters or call a bluff, 4) commitment problems can compel an adversary to attack an enemy before the enemy grows stronger in the future, and 5) misperceptions can distort an adversary’s perceptions of the intentions of an enemy.
War results from a combination of these factors, and Blattman discusses several examples of how various conflicts throughout history can be explained in these terms. The end result is that the reader will be equipped with a much more sophisticated toolkit when assessing the causes of conflict, past and present.
The final part of the book considers the paths to peace, which, unsurprisingly, work to mitigate the five causes of war. Checks and balances on power, rules and enforcement, and democratic institutions and voting top the list, as these procedures collectively reduce the risk of a nation falling victim to an unchecked ruler. As the philosopher Karl Popper said, democracy is the ideal system not because it necessarily selects the best, strongest leaders, but that it provides a mechanism for removing the worst leaders, leaders who would sacrifice the well-being of the population at large for their own personal gain.
The other key to peace is interdependence. Societies that are dependent on each other economically and socially rarely go to war, as the costs would be too high. You don’t attack your enemy when your enemy provides economic benefits for you, just as you don’t demonize and attack the people you work or live with. It’s true that pluralism can create conflict as the result of different worldviews placed in competition with one another, but this rarely turns into violent civil war in integrated democracies.
On a final note, since we want our politicians to create stability and peace, this book not only outlines the causes of war and peace, but also outlines the manner in which we should elect politicians. Following the political philosophy of Karl Popper, Blattman recommends treating politics more like science by trying to improve society in incremental steps that can be tested, rather than by instituting grand sweeping plans that fulfill some utopian vision. We should be wary of any politician that proclaims that they alone can fix complex social problems, and, frankly, if we vote for them anyway, we probably deserve them.
The bottom line: Buy this book to have a deeper understanding of the causes of war and the paths to peace and stability, and to develop a more sophisticated toolkit for the evaluation of political candidates and policy decisions.
The stakes are high. We can’t afford to get the causes of war wrong because, if we do, the proposed solutions won’t work. And yet that is exactly what happens, time and time again. War, like any complex social phenomenon, resists a simple narrative, and yet if there is anything humans are consistently good at, it’s providing simple narratives. We blame wars on villains, oversimplified scenarios, or just invented conspiracies. But it’s never that simple.
Chris Blattman—an economist and political scientist who studies global conflict, crime, and poverty—resists this tendency towards oversimplification at every turn. Having studied prolonged violent conflicts between groups—whether it be gang violence, civil wars, or wars between nations—he knows how difficult war can be to explain, and to prevent.
Fortunately, for most people, most of the time, peace is the normal state of affairs. As Blattman explains, the costs of violent conflict almost always compel groups to compromise. Successful societies accomplish this all the time. You probably live in one, and you probably don’t spend too much time worrying about war breaking out.
But when war does break out, it is rarely for any single reason—it’s usually the result of complex factors all interacting to collectively decrease the perceived costs of war and increase the incentives to fight. In fact, Blattman identifies five such factors. To the degree that the five factors or causes of war are present, the risk of war increases. The flip side is that, to the degree we can manage the five causes of war, we can likewise mitigate the risks of conflict breaking out (this is obviously much easier said than done).
Normally, war is too costly for either side to pursue, and the incentive is to compromise peacefully, with the weaker side willingly taking less (but achieving more than they would win by fighting). The calculus changes, however, in certain scenarios.
According to Blattman, there are five reasons one side might initiate war, despite the costs: 1) unchecked leaders can benefit from war while being shielded from its costs, 2) ideologies can compel people to fight despite the costs (e.g., religious conflict), 3) uncertainty regarding the relative strength of an opponent can compel one side to test the waters or call a bluff, 4) commitment problems can compel an adversary to attack an enemy before the enemy grows stronger in the future, and 5) misperceptions can distort an adversary’s perceptions of the intentions of an enemy.
War results from a combination of these factors, and Blattman discusses several examples of how various conflicts throughout history can be explained in these terms. The end result is that the reader will be equipped with a much more sophisticated toolkit when assessing the causes of conflict, past and present.
The final part of the book considers the paths to peace, which, unsurprisingly, work to mitigate the five causes of war. Checks and balances on power, rules and enforcement, and democratic institutions and voting top the list, as these procedures collectively reduce the risk of a nation falling victim to an unchecked ruler. As the philosopher Karl Popper said, democracy is the ideal system not because it necessarily selects the best, strongest leaders, but that it provides a mechanism for removing the worst leaders, leaders who would sacrifice the well-being of the population at large for their own personal gain.
The other key to peace is interdependence. Societies that are dependent on each other economically and socially rarely go to war, as the costs would be too high. You don’t attack your enemy when your enemy provides economic benefits for you, just as you don’t demonize and attack the people you work or live with. It’s true that pluralism can create conflict as the result of different worldviews placed in competition with one another, but this rarely turns into violent civil war in integrated democracies.
On a final note, since we want our politicians to create stability and peace, this book not only outlines the causes of war and peace, but also outlines the manner in which we should elect politicians. Following the political philosophy of Karl Popper, Blattman recommends treating politics more like science by trying to improve society in incremental steps that can be tested, rather than by instituting grand sweeping plans that fulfill some utopian vision. We should be wary of any politician that proclaims that they alone can fix complex social problems, and, frankly, if we vote for them anyway, we probably deserve them.
The bottom line: Buy this book to have a deeper understanding of the causes of war and the paths to peace and stability, and to develop a more sophisticated toolkit for the evaluation of political candidates and policy decisions.

Pax
1,0 van 5 sterren
Underwhelming and incomplete.
Beoordeeld in de Verenigde Staten 🇺🇸 op 3 mei 2022
I wanted to like this book. Sadly, I couldn’t bring myself to look past some glaring flaws. The first major issue is that the book states that war is the exception, not the rule, without backing that up with any rigor. Considering the vast scholarship already done on this topic, and how inconclusive it is, the generality of the claim made is highly suspect. This sets the foundation for the entire book. Next, game theory is used to attempt to explain war, conflict, and peace. Again, there isn’t any data used to support the use of game theory, which is itself suspect in complex situations such as war, where people are not acting as purely rational. Each successive “explanation” or “why” is vague, straight forward, and overall incomplete. There are far grander, rigorous, and complete works out there. This one is far too simplistic, taking something so complex and challenging, breaking it down to a handful of easy rules, and making it palatable for the everyday reader. It is not accurate. It’s just simple. Don’t waste your time if you actually want to understand conflict.